PTHH: \(2NaCl_{\left(rắn\right)}+H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\underrightarrow{t^o}Na_2SO_4+2HCl\)

Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{50\cdot14,6\%}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{NaCl}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\)

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

            \(FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{FeO}=\dfrac{12,8-0,1\cdot56}{72}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo các PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{FeO}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,1}=4\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)

Fe + 2HCl => FeCl₂ + H₂

0,1      0,2                    0,1

=> FeO = \(\dfrac{12,8-0,1.56}{72}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

FeO + 2HCl => FeCl₂ + H₂O

0,1        0,2

VHCl = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 lít

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{22,12-21,16}{32}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{22,12}{158}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)

Mn⁺⁷ + 5e --> Mn⁺²

0,14-->0,7

2O^-2 - 4e --> O₂⁰

         0,12<--0,03

2Cl^- - 2e --> Cl₂⁰

          2a<---a

Bảo toàn e: 2a + 0,12 = 0,7

=> a = 0,29 (mol)

=> V_Cl2 = 0,29.22,4 = 6,496 (l)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=n_{CuCl_2}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+64b=12\\162,5a+135b=29,75\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{12}\cdot100\%\approx46,67\%\)

\(2A+2aHCl\rightarrow2ACl_a+aH_2\)

\(TheoPTHH:n_{H_2}=\dfrac{an_A}{2}=0,5an_A=0,5.a.\dfrac{1,17}{A}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,015\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{A}=\dfrac{1}{39}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) A là Kali ( K ).

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,03}{1,2}=0,025\left(l\right)=25\left(ml\right)\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi a và b lần lượt là số mol của Al và Zn

Bảo toàn mol e: \(3a+2b=1,4\)

                   Mà \(27a+65b=31,4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{31,4}\cdot100\%\approx17,2\%\\\%m_{Zn}=82,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,4mol\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,4}{2}=0,7\left(l\right)=700\left(ml\right)\)

Đặt : 

nAl = a mol 

nZn = b mol 

mB = 27a + 65b = 31.4 (g) (1) 

2Al + 6HCl => 2AlCl3 + 3H2 

a___________________1.5a

Zn + 2HCl => ZnCl2 + H2 

b__________________b

nH2 = 1.5a + b = 15.68/22.4 = 0.7 (mol) (2) 

(1) , (2) : 

a = 0.2

b = 0.4 

%Al = 5.4/31.4 * 100% = 17.19%

%Zn = 100 - 17.19 = 82.81%

nHCl = 2nH2 = 0.7*2 = 1.4 (mol) 

Vdd HCl = 1.4 / 2 = 0.7 (l) 

nHCl = 0.4 * 2.75 = 1.1 (mol) 

=> nH2 = nHCl/2 = 0.55 (mol) 

VH2 = 12.32 (l) 

BTKL : 

mA + mHCl = mX + mH2 

25.3 + 1.1*36.5 = mX + 1.1 

=> mX = 64.35 (g) 

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi a và b lần lượt là số mol của Al và Fe

Bảo toàn mol e: \(3a+2b=1,4\)

                 Mà \(27a+56b=27,8\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{27,8}\cdot100\approx19,42\%\\\%m_{Fe}=80,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt : 

nAl = a mol 

nFe = b mol 

mB = 27a + 56b = 27.8 (g) (1) 

2Al + 6HCl => 2AlCl3 + 3H2 

a___________________1.5a

Fe + 2HCl => FeCl2 + H2 

b__________________b

nH2 = 1.5a + b = 15.68/22.4 = 0.7 (mol) (2) 

(1) , (2) : 

a = 0.2

b = 0.4 

%Al = 5.4/27.8 * 100% = 19.42%

%Fe = 100 - 19.42 = 80.58%

PTHH: \(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)  (1)

            \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)  (2)

a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaO}=0,1mol\\n_{CaCO_3}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaO}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,2\cdot100=20\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=20+5,6=25,6\left(g\right)\)

b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=0,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2\left(M\right)\)

PT: \(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\) (1)

\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\) (2)

a, Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Sigma n_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT (2): \(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{CaCl_2\left(1\right)}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT (1): \(n_{CaO}=n_{CaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT (2): \(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_A=m_{CaO}+m_{CaCO_3}=0,1.56+0,2.100=25,6\left(g\right)\)

b, Theo PT (1) + (2): \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2n_{CaO}+2n_{CaCO_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2M\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!